Let's go over the main reasons why employees resist change and some of the forms that resistance can take. We'll also examine the differences between expected and unexpected changes and the range of changes that can impact your organization. Change can be challenging for both leaders and employees, and resistance to it is understandable, regardless of degree or level. For employees, change can generate uncertainty, disruption, or even fear. In his article, Organizational Change: 8 Reasons Why People Resist Change, Robert Tanner, founder and principal consultant of Business Consulting Solutions, outlined several key reasons for change resistance. They are, loss of status or job security, poorly aligned reward systems, surprise or fear of the unknown, peer pressure, a climate of mistrust, organizational politics, fear of failure, and faulty implementation. Whatever the reasons why employees resist changes, or whether those changes are internally or externally driven, leaders must be prepared to address them with their teams and provide solutions. According to Peter Northouse's book, Leadership: Theory and Practice, leadership communication is essential, regardless of the type of change. For example, leaders who are open and transparent about change tend to have less employee resistance. Northouse also suggests that leaders who are assertive yet approachable in their communication with employees develop a more trusting and inclusive workplace. Internal changes emanate from the company itself, while the competitive marketplace it operates within influences external changes. Examples of internal change might be new policies, procedures, staff hires, leadership, or organizational structure. External change factors might include a competitor's strategic direction, a new product or service introduced to the market, a merger or acquisition, a change in federal regulation, or an unexpected environmental or health disaster, such as a pandemic. When change takes place, it can affect internal operations and external relationships and vice-versa. For example, a workforce downsizing is an internally implemented change, but the company's decision to reduce its workforce may be driven by external factors, such as loss of market share or the need to outsource jobs overseas to remain competitive. Either way, any workforce reduction is likely to prompt employee resistance, skepticism, and uncertainty. Ultimately, leaders need to be transparent and collaborative with their employees in addressing any change if they want to create change-ready teams.