Equipment for Surface Facilities

Name: Equipment for Surface Facilities
Author: KnowledgeCity

Learn essential information about equipment for surface facilities

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Course: On-Demand

(soft music) After the oil extraction process, the adventure continues and now, it's directed to surface operations. There's a variety of equipment available that is used, depending on the need but the most common are: multiple or input collectors, flow lines, oil and gas separators, and tanks. Multiple or Input Collectors. These are mechanical arrangements of pipes and valves that generally consist of several pipes placed horizontally, parallel to each other, and connected to each of the flow lines. Its function is to collect the production of the wells that arrive at the flow stations and distribute it to the different processes of the system. However, the arrangements of valves, connections, and pipes must be such that when required, the flow of each individual well can be isolated for well-testing purposes. This is so that the flow of each well can be taken to a test separator, to segregate and measure oil or distillation products, gas production, and in some cases water production. Flow Lines. The flow line is the pipe that connects the head of a well to the production manifold of its corresponding flow station. Flow lines are those management systems that transport the flow in two-phase form, from the wells to a point of convergence called multiple. Each manifold is made up of tubular sections whose capacity and size depend on the number of tubular sections. They're manufactured in different diameters, series, and working ranges and are selected according to the production potential and flow pressures of the system. The following parameters are mainly calculated in the design of the flow lines. The pressure drop along the flow line, which is calculated using multiphase models. The optimum thickness of the type of material to be used considering the working pressures, cleaning and maintenance systems, protection systems, anchorage systems. Oil and Gas Separator. The separator is a cylindrical or spherical container that is used to separate oil, gas, and water from the total flow of fluid produced by a well. The separators can be horizontal or vertical. They can be classified at a two-phase and three phase separators, commonly called free water separators. The two-phase type only treats oil and gas, while the three-phase type treats oil, water, and gas. In addition, the separators can be classified according to their operating pressure. The low pressure units handle pressures from 10 to 180 PSI. The medium pressure separators operate from 230 to 700 PSI. The medium pressure separators operate from 230 to 700 PSI. High pressure units handle pressures from 975 to 1,500 PSI. High pressure units handle pressures from 975 to 1,500 PSI. Gravitational segregation is the most important that occurs during separation, which means that the heaviest fluid is decanted at the bottom and the lighter fluid rises to the surface. Also within the container, the degree of separation between the gas and the liquid will depend on the operating pressure of the separator, the residence time of the fluid mixture, and the type of fluid flow. Turbulent flow allows more bubbles to escape than laminar flow. Tanks and Fluid Meters. Storage tanks are structures of various materials, usually cylindrical in shape, that are used to store and/or preserve liquids or gases at ambient pressure, so that in certain technical means, they're given the qualification of atmospheric storage tanks. Storage tanks are usually used to store liquids and as volume meters, and are widely used in the oil industry. Mainly, their most notable use is in refineries for their requirements of the storage process whether temporary or prolonged and for the products and byproducts obtained from their activities. There are different types of storage tanks that adapt to different types of crude. Fixed roof atmospheric tanks can have a self-supporting roof or columns, and the roof surface can be shaped like a dome or cone. Floating roof atmospheric tanks. These tanks have great acceptance because they reduce the losses due to emptying and filling. This is achieved either by eliminating or maintaining constant the space destined for vapors above the liquid level. Pressure tanks. Used for liquids with vapor pressure greater than or equal to 0.914 kilograms per centimeter squared at sea level. 0.914 kilograms per centimeter squared at sea level. The main types of pressure tanks are cylindrical vessels and spheres. Low pressure tanks. Storage designed to maintain an internal pressure greater than 0.035 kilograms per centimeter squared but less than 1.055 kilograms per centimeter squared but less than 1.055 kilograms per centimeter squared measured at the top of the tank. These low pressure tanks must be constructed in accordance with recognized design standards. Low pressure tanks can be built with API 620. Refrigerated tanks. Refrigerated storage tanks are used to store liquified gases in ranges from ethylene to butane, which have a boiling point between -126.6 degrees Celsius to -1.1 degrees Celsius. between -126.6 degrees Celsius to -1.1 degrees Celsius. The main types of refrigerated tanks are pressure vessels, pressure spheres, and vertical cylindrical tanks.

Essential Provider : KnowledgeCity 3 Lessons · 11m in Arabic, English

Course Description

There is a variety of equipment that is used for surface operations based on the need. In this course, you will learn about the flow line, the pipe that connects the head of a well to the production manifold of its corresponding flow station. You will also learn about the two classifications of oil and gas separators–two-phase or three-phase, as well as tanks and fluid meters.

For the transportation of crude oil or gas, a series of requirements that maintain safety must be met. Gas is an extremely important source of energy, but at the same time, its volatility is of great power, and it has the ability to carry pollutants. In this course, you will learn about the two methods for transporting crude oil and gas–marine and land transportation.

The combustion of oil derivatives forms waste such as particles, carbon dioxide, sulfur oxides, and nitrous oxides. The oil industry must comply with strict rules and procedures to ensure the protection of the environment. In this course, you will learn about co-processing, which is the environmentally safe integration of waste to another productive process.

What You'll Learn

Identify the pollutants that gas can carry
Differentiate between the types of surface facility equipment, including flow lines, separators, tanks, and fluid meters
Distinguish between two-phase and three-phase oil and gas separators
Describe the marine and land methods for transporting crude oil and gas
Explain the benefits of co-processing as an environmentally safe integration of waste into another productive process

Key Takeaways

A variety of equipment is used for surface operations depending on the need, including the flow line that connects the head of a well to the production manifold of its corresponding flow station.
Oil and gas separators are classified as either two-phase or three-phase, and surface facilities also include tanks and fluid meters.
Crude oil and gas can be transported by two methods, marine and land transportation, and a series of safety requirements must be met during transport.
The combustion of oil derivatives forms waste such as particles, carbon dioxide, sulfur oxides, and nitrous oxides, so the oil industry must comply with strict rules and procedures to protect the environment.
Co-processing is the environmentally safe integration of waste into another productive process.

Frequently Asked Questions

What does this course cover?

The course covers equipment used for surface operations, including the flow line, two-phase and three-phase oil and gas separators, tanks, and fluid meters. It also covers the marine and land methods for transporting crude oil and gas, and co-processing as an environmentally safe way to integrate waste into another productive process.

What is a flow line in this course?

The flow line is the pipe that connects the head of a well to the production manifold of its corresponding flow station.

What are the two classifications of oil and gas separators taught in this course?

Oil and gas separators are classified as either two-phase or three-phase.

What is co-processing as described in this course?

Co-processing is the environmentally safe integration of waste into another productive process, and the course explains its benefits.

What lessons are included in this course?

The course includes three lessons: Separating and Measuring the Produced Fluids, Preparing Oil and Gas for Transportation, and Disposal.