{"id":18317,"date":"2023-09-08T08:22:34","date_gmt":"2023-09-08T15:22:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.knowledgecity.com\/blog\/?p=18317"},"modified":"2024-05-24T11:57:06","modified_gmt":"2024-05-24T18:57:06","slug":"the-state-of-job-satisfaction-in-the-public-sector","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.knowledgecity.com\/blog\/the-state-of-job-satisfaction-in-the-public-sector\/","title":{"rendered":"The State of Job Satisfaction in the Public Sector"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In an era where government jobs promise <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebalancemoney.com\/the-pros-and-cons-of-a-government-job-1669764\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">stability and benefits<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a trend has emerged: a decline in public sector job satisfaction. Despite the belief that job security and retirement benefits can make employees experience higher satisfaction levels than private employees, recent data tells a different story.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-18318 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.knowledgecity.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/The-State-of-Job-Satisfaction-in-the-Public-Sector-01.jpg\" alt=\"Infographic on US public sector employee stats: 23M workers, job satisfaction, and societal impact.\" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.knowledgecity.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/The-State-of-Job-Satisfaction-in-the-Public-Sector-01.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.knowledgecity.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/The-State-of-Job-Satisfaction-in-the-Public-Sector-01-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.knowledgecity.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/The-State-of-Job-Satisfaction-in-the-Public-Sector-01-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.knowledgecity.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/The-State-of-Job-Satisfaction-in-the-Public-Sector-01-900x600.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As of 2023, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/slge.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/59976-slg-worker-report_final.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">41% of civil servants contemplated a shift from their current roles<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. What&#8217;s causing this wave of discontent? How can modern leadership strategies stem the tide and reinvigorate the public workforce\u2019s passion and commitment?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This article delves into the complexities of these concerns, explores the multi-faceted reasons behind the dip in satisfaction, and proposes solutions that center on strategic leadership.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Are Government Employees Satisfied with Their Work?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Employee job satisfaction is crucial to the overall success of any organization, particularly in the public sector. In 2022, there were <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/204535\/number-of-governmental-employees-in-the-us\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">19.23 million Americans employed<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> at the local or state level and 2.87 million at the federal level.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A recent <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/slge.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/59976-slg-worker-report_final.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">report<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> indicated high public sector job satisfaction within the US, with many employees finding fulfillment and appreciating the benefits of their roles. For example, 66% of public sector employees reported high morale at work due to job security (92%), retirement benefits (86%), and personal fulfillment from work (87%).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, a decline in public job satisfaction has emerged. The 2021 Best Places to Work <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/bestplacestowork.org\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">report<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> unveiled a 4.5-point decrease in employee engagement from 2020 and a further 1.1-point dip in 2022.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.surveymonkey.com\/curiosity\/cnbc-workforce-survey-may-2023\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As of 2023, 56%<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of employees <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">believed that in-office workers have better career advancement opportunities.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Decisions regarding returning to the office, uncertainties about pay raises, and employees&#8217; perceptions of leaders are the primary causes of this downturn. Mandatory return-to-office calls also contribute significantly to the current state of job satisfaction among federal workers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eaglehillconsulting.com\/news\/government-employees-prefer-remote-flexibility\/#:~:text=In%20the%20end%2C%20agencies%20that,performance%20outcomes%2C%E2%80%9D%20Jezior%20said.\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">study<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> conducted by Eagle Hill Consulting shows that 59% of remote and hybrid workers would experience decreased job satisfaction if mandated to work in person, and 44% claimed it would reduce their productivity. Forty-five percent of the respondents cited work-life balance as their primary concern, while 43% pinned their worries on commute time.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Besides the call for remote work, financial security and increased inflation are other factors responsible for declining public sector job satisfaction.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For instance, only 28% of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/slge.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/59976-slg-worker-report_final.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">surveyed employees<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> reported feeling extremely secure about their finances, while 34% of respondents claimed they find it somewhat or very difficult to pay their monthly expenses in full and on time. Sixty-four percent struggle to maintain the current cost of living, and 58% worry about inflation reducing the value of their savings.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Leadership perception also contributes significantly to the job satisfaction of public employees. Consider leadership empowerment, which evaluates how your employees feel about the respect they receive from their leaders regarding their work methods and how involved they are in making task-related decisions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Leadership empowerment has fallen from <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/bestplacestowork.org\/analysis\/government-wide-findings-overall\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">55.7 points to 50<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, with workers&#8217; sense of recognition for innovative contributions and overall performance reducing by 3.3 points (from 59.8 to 56.5) between 2021 and 2022.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The significance of effective leadership in government organizations cannot be overstated. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/368852268_Determinants_of_Job_Satisfaction_of_Public_Sector_Organizations%27_Employees_in_Six_Continents_A_Systematic_Review\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">V<\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">arious factors can bolster job satisfaction, including:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rewards<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Organizational commitment<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Empowerment<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Emotional intelligence<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And effective communication within the organization<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While it offers many benefits, the public sector faces challenges in maintaining employee morale and satisfaction. Addressing the mode of work, financial stability, and leadership concerns can pave the way for a more contented and productive workforce.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Fostering Job Satisfaction to Maximize Employee Retention and Productivity<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What\u2019s the importance of job satisfaction in the public sector? It\u2019s critical for its competitiveness, operational effectiveness, productivity, and the overall sustainability of government agencies. While people tend to prioritize government jobs due to their benefits and security, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/icma.org\/articles\/pm-magazine\/clocking-out-good-great-resignations-impact-local-government\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">employees are unafraid of leaving public sector work<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, especially at the local level if unsatisfied.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This can have negative effects, as employee turnover can have significant effects on taxpayers&#8217; money. For instance,<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.govexec.com\/management\/2023\/01\/what-keeps-public-employees-their-jobs-its-not-just-pay\/381709\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the cost of replacing an employee often ranges between<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.govexec.com\/management\/2023\/01\/what-keeps-public-employees-their-jobs-its-not-just-pay\/381709\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">16% to 200%<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of spending on annual salaries depending on the education and experience requirements for the job.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Worker turnover usually reduces the quality-of-service constituents receive from the government, as the workload resulting from your employee leaving will be spread across fewer overstretched workers. This could affect other employees&#8217; work-life balance and overall job satisfaction.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Job satisfaction is inversely proportional to turnover intention, and low turnover translates to increased productivity and performance. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/tracybrower\/2023\/06\/04\/job-satisfaction-is-rising-whats-behind-the-surprising-tend\/?sh=42b731f7453b\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Employees who are satisfied with their jobs<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are more likely to stay with your organization and reduce the turnover rate.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Apart from minimizing the turnover rate, having a satisfied workforce in government agencies is crucial for retaining seasoned employees, ensuring efficiency, and reducing costs associated with constant recruitment.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/news.release\/jolts.nr0.htm\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">US Bureau of Labor Statistics<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> report shows that job openings across the US&#8217;s federal, state, and local government institutions totaled 9.6 million in June 2023. Although hiring (3.8%) still outpaced the quitting rate (2.4%), a high resignation rate still indicates underlying issues with employee satisfaction, company culture, or working conditions.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hiring new employees comes with both direct and indirect costs. Investing in employee training only to have them leave before the sector can fully realize the return on that investment means that resources might have been better spent elsewhere.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A balanced workforce doesn&#8217;t just rely on new hires, but also retaining experienced and skilled employees. While recruiting new workers to fill the employment gap is necessary, improving job satisfaction to retain your current employees is even more critical.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Job satisfaction is also directly correlated with productivity, as happy employees tend to commit more to quality service delivery. A study linking happiness with productivity showed that workers are <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/warwick.ac.uk\/newsandevents\/pressreleases\/new_study_shows\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">12% more productive when happy<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Satisfied employees are more likely to foster a positive work environment. They engage better with colleagues, collaborate more efficiently, and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.corporatewellnessmagazine.com\/article\/cultivating-a-positive-work-culture-the-link-between-employee-happiness-and-productivity#:~:text=Employee%20happiness%20often%20leads%20to,innovative%20solutions%20and%20increased%20productivity.\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">contribute to team cohesion<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. This collaborative spirit can drastically improve collective productivity, as teams with good synergy often outperform those with internal discord.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>How to Improve Job Satisfaction Through Strategic Leadership<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Leadership is critical in government workers\u2019 performance, engagement, and productivity and helps guide workers through bureaucratic processes and changing policies. With the public&#8217;s trust on the line, strong leadership also boosts accountability and keeps morale high among your employees.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fostering trust between organization leaders and employees is the first step toward improving job satisfaction. Confidence in leadership can motivate your employees to innovate, collaborate, and go the extra mile to exceed expectations.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reports have shown that employees&#8217; trust in their leaders has recently declined. According to a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gallup.com\/404252\/indicator-leadership-management.aspx\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gallup report<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, only around 22% of employees in the U.S. strongly agree that they trust their employers\u2019 leadership. While this survey was not explicitly conducted among public servants, it reflects a current distrust in organizational leadership.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ourpublicservice.org\/publications\/workforce-trust\/#:~:text=Trust%20in%20leaders%20is%20a,and%20to%20perform%20beyond%20expectations.\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2022 Partnership for Public Service report<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> explored the dynamics of trust within federal workplaces. The study&#8217;s insights suggest that the satisfaction and engagement of federal workers are deeply intertwined with their trust in leadership. To foster this trust, agency heads and supervisors should prioritize interpersonal management practices.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While the report underscores the value of career leaders, it also highlights the importance of political appointees demonstrating commitment and competency. Leaders who emphasize mission-driven approaches over political ambitions are more likely to earn the trust of civil servants.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Consistency, reliability, and accountability emerge as pivotal attributes, and leaders who fulfill their promises, provide clarity during changes and uphold ethical standards are deemed trustworthy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Transparency plays a crucial role in cultivating trust. The report advocates for open, two-way communication between employees and leadership. Leaders who genuinely solicit input, attentively listen to feedback, and articulate their decisions transparently foster trust and elevate their teams\u2019 overall job satisfaction.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Another <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/puar.13182\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">study<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> delved into the relationship between leadership approaches in the public sector and their subsequent impact on employees&#8217; motivation and job performance. The research uncovered four pivotal leadership approaches: accountability, rule-following, political loyalty, and network governance.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">All four approaches were found to positively influence employees&#8217; public service motivation (PSM) levels and overall job performance. Network governance leadership, which encourages employees to foster external professional relationships, stood out as having the strongest positive relationship with both PSM and job performance.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The research suggests that when public sector leaders adopt and model these approaches, they can elevate employees&#8217; motivation, job satisfaction, and performance.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Key Strategies to Boost Job Satisfaction in the Government Workforce<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Amidst a rapidly evolving workplace, the public sector faces distinct challenges in ensuring its workforce remains motivated and fulfilled. Workers now have different values, desires, and needs with an increasing emphasis on purpose, flexibility, and well-being.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Addressing these changes isn&#8217;t merely a matter of morale\u2014it&#8217;s a critical strategy to enhance productivity, reduce turnover, and ensure the sustained success of governmental agencies.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Public service roles are synonymous with job security, stability, and robust benefits such as pensions. According to a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/industries\/public-sector\/our-insights\/what-workers-want-is-changing-that-could-be-good-for-government\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">recent<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">report from McKinsey, today&#8217;s workers place higher value on a sense of purpose, flexibility, and professional development opportunities.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Government workers desire a job that makes a difference. A report showed that <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americansurveycenter.org\/research\/the-great-american-jobs-reshuffle\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">53% of public employees<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> want a position where the focus is helping others, while 54% derive satisfaction from contributing meaningfully to society. Government workers will likely gain a stronger sense of belonging and improved job satisfaction if management emphasizes purpose.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Leaders should find a means of connecting individual tasks to the overall government agencies\u2019 missions, highlighting how a public servant&#8217;s daily work impacts both citizens and the agency\u2019s goal.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Also, with the ongoing call for federal workers to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/politics\/2023\/08\/04\/white-house-urges-federal-workers-return-office-this-fall\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">return to the office<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and government employees demanding remote\/hybrid work, reaching an agreement on this is imperative.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While working from home offers numerous <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.businessnewsdaily.com\/15259-working-from-home-more-productive.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">benefits<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, including improved work-life balance, increased productivity, and healthier lifestyles, in-office work can be equally beneficial. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/politics\/2023\/08\/04\/white-house-urges-federal-workers-return-office-this-fall\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In-person work<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> can improve the quality of public service, strengthen organizational culture, and enhance team communication since discussions are more direct.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rather than mandating public servants to return to the office, adopt a more balanced approach by integrating a hybrid working environment. The flexibility employees seek today extends beyond the choice of remote work or hybrid models. They want the freedom to decide how and when they perform their tasks as long as they meet the organization\u2019s objectives.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For example, employees could choose their start and end time within a specific range, such as starting their day any time between 7 to 9 a.m. and ending their day between 4 to 6 p.m. Alternatively, in government sectors facing a staff shortage, the management could provide more flexibility by allowing shift swapping or trading between employees.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The public sector leadership should consider rescinding the call to return to the office and provide options for civil servants to choose their working mode, which can boost job satisfaction significantly.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Another key strategy to improve job satisfaction in the public sector is to provide opportunities for personal and professional development among government workers. From April 2021 to April 2022, a lack of career advancement and development prompted over <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/industries\/public-sector\/our-insights\/what-workers-want-is-changing-that-could-be-good-for-government\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">40% of employees<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to leave their jobs. Top-tier private sector firms recognize the crucial role of development opportunities throughout an employee&#8217;s journey.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When your employees feel that they\u2019re growing in their chosen careers, they\u2019re more fulfilled, which could enhance job satisfaction.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Recap<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The world of work is changing, and the public sector isn&#8217;t immune to this shift. While government jobs have been considered stable and dependable, it&#8217;s clear that public servants in these roles are looking for more than just a paycheck and security. They want to feel that their work matters. They crave flexibility in how and where they work and are keen to learn and grow on the job.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But why should leaders in the public sector care? When your workers are happy, they stay longer, execute quality services, and inspire others to do the same. This can prevent others from quitting and incurring additional hiring costs.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By providing what employees want, the public sector can keep its best talents and continue to serve the public efficiently and effectively.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Major stakeholders in the public sector must take a page from the modern workplace playbook. Listening to employees, adapting to their needs, and showing them that they&#8217;re valued isn&#8217;t just good for morale because it also enhances overall employee performance.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The future of the public sector depends on its people, so it&#8217;s worth investing in what keeps them satisfied and engaged.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In an era where government jobs promise stability and benefits, a trend has emerged: a decline in public sector job satisfaction. Despite the belief that job&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":18322,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[4003,119],"tags":[4563,4564,2661,4561,4565,4560,4562],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The State of Job Satisfaction in the Public Sector - KnowledgeCity<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Explore the dynamics of job satisfaction in the public sector and how to enhance employee engagement.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.knowledgecity.com\/blog\/the-state-of-job-satisfaction-in-the-public-sector\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The State of Job Satisfaction in the Public Sector - 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